Bacterial Vaginosis: What Are the Causes?

Is bacterial vaginosis (BV) making your life miserable? You are not alone. About 1 in 3 women have BV at some point in their lives, Having BV does not imply that you are involved in unusual sexual activities or that you are not clean. Any woman is potentially at risk for BV. Women's bodies have to deal with stress, chemical imbalances, and hormonal changes. Giving birth adds additional stress to our bodies and compromises our immune system.

Bacterial vaginosis occurs when there is a change in the natural balance of bacteria in your vagina. Your vagina should contain bacteria called lactobacilli. These bacteria produce lactic acid. This makes the vagina slightly acidic, which prevents other bacteria from growing there. However, if you have BV, you have less lactobacilli, which means your vagina is not as acidic as it should be. This allows other types of bacteria to grow.

Although it is unclear what causes the change in the balance of bacteria in the vagina, the risk increases if you:

• have a new sexual partner
• have multiple sexual partners
• use an intrauterine device (IUD), a contraceptive device that fits inside the womb
• are pregnant
• have previously been infected with the human papilloma virus (HPV)
• use vaginal deodorant
• wash or clean out your vagina with water or other fluids
• use strong detergents to wash your underwear
• use scented soaps or bubble bath
• put antiseptic liquids in the bath

It is not clear whether BV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) as there is conflicting evidence on the issue. Many experts think that sexual activity plays a role in BV, but other factors are probably also responsible for the condition. It may also be possible that an initial episode of BV is caused by some type of sexual infection, but further episodes are caused by other factors.

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